三水雪梨瓜嫁接育苗技术

为了解决三水区雪梨瓜种植面积的不断扩大、复种指数不断提高,品质退化、产量降低、病虫害严重的现象越来越突出的问题,佛山市农业科学研究所申请并开展了"蔬菜嫁接栽培技术研究及示范推广"课题研究,从2013—2015年,摸索出了一套适合本地生产雪梨瓜嫁接苗的技术和方法,即通过选择砧木、选择播期、营养土配方、高效嫁接、苗期管理、成苗运输等措施,缓解了嫁接操作不规范、生产管理不统一、苗木质量差异大、产量品质不理想的难题,初步实现雪梨瓜嫁接苗的工厂化、规模化生产,为三水雪梨瓜种植业的可持续发展提供了有力保障。     

黄栌大棚轻基质育苗及嫩枝扦插育苗技术研究

黄栌是我国重要的观赏红叶树种,也是优良的造林树种。黄栌大棚轻基质育苗,可节约时间、空间,操作方便快捷,有利于管理。嫩枝扦插育苗繁殖速度快,生产成本低,有利于大面积推广。本研究用不同激素浓度处理黄栌插穗,结果表明,用400 mg/L IBA溶液处理黄栌插穗,插穗的生根率最高(81.96%),生根效果最好。该文详细介绍了黄栌大棚轻基质育苗及嫩枝扦插育苗技术,以利于提高黄栌大棚轻基质育苗及嫩枝扦插育苗的成活率,为培育优质黄栌苗木提供参考。     

甜瓜黄斑病毒在海南黄瓜上的发生分布及序列分析

 应用特异性引物MYSV-L-F和MYSV-L-R对海南5个市县采集的150份疑似感染病毒病的黄瓜样品进行RT-PCR检测,在三亚、乐东和东方等3个市县的18份样品中检测到甜瓜黄斑病毒(Melon yellow spot virus, MYSV)。选取采自三亚的分离物C29(MYSV-Hainan)进行MYSV全基因组克隆及序列分析,结果表明:该分离物的L RNA、M RNA和S RNA基因组全长分别为8 918 nt、4 815 nt和3 257 nt,与已知MYSV分离物的核苷酸相似性分别为97.4%~97.7%、96.2%~97.9%和94.8%~99.8%,系统进化关系分析与相似性分析一致,序列相似值越高,系统进化关系越近。     

枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂的研制及其对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果

 以枯草芽胞杆菌母药为研究对象,通过对载体、分散剂、表面活性剂、保护剂的筛选,确定了枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂的最佳配方。其配方为:枯草芽胞杆菌母药50%、载体白炭黑20%、分散剂萘磺酸钠盐甲醛缩合物(NNO)2%、表面活性剂烷基萘磺酸盐(EFW)3%、保护剂羧甲基纤维素(CMC)1.5%、载体硅藻土补足至100%。测定结果表明:枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂含菌量为2.11×10¹⁰ CFU·g^-1,分散指数89.56,浮游指数87.57,坡度角74°,pH 6.1,杂菌率2.1%,含水率0.67%,粒径8.15 μm,热贮分解率为4.67%,产品各项指标均达到标准。盆栽条件下,枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂用量1 000 g·(hm²)^-1时喷粉对黄瓜白粉病的保护效果优于治疗效果,防效分别为89.08%和84.95%;田间试验,枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂在用量为1 000 g·(hm²)^-1时喷粉对黄瓜白粉病的保护效果为80.66%。     

Association analysis for detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

Tolerance to low-phosphorus soil is a desirable trait in soybean cultivars. Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and few reports from natural population. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs that regulate phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in soybean using association mapping approach. Phosphorus-deficiency tolerance was evaluated according to five traits (plant shoot height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration, phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency) comprising a conditional phenotype at the seedling stage. Association mapping of the conditional phenotype detected 19 SNPs including 13 SNPs that were significantly associated with the five traits across two years. A novel cluster of SNPs, including three SNPs that consistently showed significant effects over two years, that associated with more than one trait was detected on chromosome 3. All favorable alleles, which were determined based on the mean of conditional phenotypic values of each trait over the two years, could be pyramided into one cultivar through parental cross combination. The best three cross combinations were predicted with the aim of simultaneously improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency. These results will provide a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in soybean.     

烯效唑浸种对干旱胁迫下工业大麻幼苗形态、渗透调节物质及内源激素的影响

选用0.4 mg·L~(-1)的烯效唑(S_(3307))浸种工业大麻"火麻一号"种子,采用盆栽试验方法,于大麻三叶期设置清水浸种后正常供水(CK)、清水浸种后干旱胁迫(D)和烯效唑浸种后干旱胁迫(D+S)3个处理,探讨烯效唑浸种对干旱胁迫下工业大麻幼苗形态、渗透调节物质及内源激素的影响。结果表明:与D处理的植株相比,D+S处理显著提高了根系干、鲜重,分别提高46.67%～61.54%和16.46%～25.53%;恢复了胁迫后期的地上部干、鲜重,复水4 d后地上部干、鲜重较D处理分别提高了4.38%和2.23%;促进了根系生长的能力,干旱胁迫8 d后,D+S处理较D处理根长、根表面积、根体积、根总投影面积、分枝数、交叉数和根尖数分别增加了34.48%、34.77%、69.10%、70.00%、29.62%、54.28%和33.07%;提高了幼苗叶片SPAD值,降低了细胞膜透性,增加了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,干旱胁迫8 d后D+S处理较D处理SPAD值增加了28.30%,细胞膜透性减少了17.22%,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别增加了17.32%～36.78%和5.07%～7.94%。干旱胁迫8 d后,D+S处理使工业大麻叶片中脱落酸(ABA)含量增加了1.02倍,水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量分别降低了17.79%和14.40%。可见,烯效唑浸种能通过调控工业大麻幼苗生长及生理指标来增强其抗旱能力,缓解干旱胁迫对幼苗造成的伤害。     

叶面喷施外源物质对黄瓜商品苗贮运质量的影响

为了探究叶面喷施外源物质对黄瓜商品苗贮运质量的提升效果,研究蔬菜育苗生产中常用的寡聚糖、壮苗1号和植物益生源对贮运0、3、6 d黄瓜穴盘苗质量的影响。结果表明:与喷施清水的对照相比,壮苗1号可以抑制幼苗徒长,增加地下部干质量,维持较高的壮苗指数、比叶重和叶绿素含量,而植物益生源和寡聚糖对幼苗各生长指标的影响较小。因此,推荐叶面喷施壮苗1号来提高黄瓜商品苗的贮运质量。     

油菜基质块苗移栽机取苗装置设计与试验

针对现有油菜基质块苗取苗装置在取苗过程易脱苗和基质损失率高等问题，设计了一种往复夹取式取苗装置。根据垂直苗盘取苗、平行铅垂线投苗的取苗臂位置要求，确定了取苗装置各构件尺寸关系，构建了取苗臂的运动学模型，得出其位移方程及相对运动轨迹。以减小取苗轨迹水平间距及取苗轨迹高度为优化目标，基于Matlab软件优化取苗装置各构件参数为：主动杆长度75.10mm，取苗臂长度335.26mm，从动杆长度100.42mm，机架长度171.32mm，该参数组合下，取苗轨迹水平间距为173.20mm，取苗轨迹高度为29.56mm。构建了取苗回程苗块的动力学模型，分析了苗块临界脱苗方程，结合苗块力学特性参数测定试验，得出最小取苗夹持力为7.07N，确定了末端执行器气缸缸径为20mm。应用ADAMS软件获得仿真取苗轨迹，运用高速摄影技术测定实际取苗轨迹高度和取苗轨迹水平间距，经对比分析，实际值与理论值、仿真值的相对误差均小于3%，验证了取苗装置设计的合理性。台架试验表明，取苗成功率为93.33%，脱苗率为2.86%，基质损失率为3.75%，满足油菜基质块苗移栽要求。     

不同贮藏温度结合热处理对黄瓜品质及生理生化指标的影响

利用二次回归正交旋转组合设计测出的不同贮藏温度（2、4和8℃）下各自对应的最佳热处理条件，研究不同贮藏温度（2、4和8℃）结合其对应的最佳热处理条件对贮藏期间黄瓜果实品质及生理生化指标的影响，分别对该贮藏条件下黄瓜果实的冷害、硬度、失重率、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、可溶性蛋白、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、H₂O₂、超氧阴离子自由基O^2-?、ASA和GSH含量进行测定。结果表明，热处理可以抑制冷害，而热处理结合4℃低温贮藏可以有效地抑制黄瓜果实硬度和失重率的下降，延缓过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的上升，抑制H₂O₂和超氧阴离子自由基O^2-?的上升，对黄瓜的褐变有显著抑制作用，延缓抗坏血酸的下降，维持还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量，有利于调节活性氧系统的平衡。研究表明，在4℃贮藏条件下，黄瓜的热水处理条件为39.4℃、24.3 min时，可延缓黄瓜果实的衰老，较好地保持了果实的品质。     

Quantitative trait loci for fruit size and flowering time-related traits under domestication and diversifying selection in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

In cucumber, the genetic basis of traits under domestication and/or diversifying selection is not well understood. Here, we reported QTL mapping for flowering time and fruit size-related traits with segregating populations derived from a cultivated × wild cross. Phenotypic data of flowering time (FT), fruit size (FS), fruit number (FN) and fruit weight per plant (FW) were collected in multiple environments. QTL analysis identified 19 QTL for these traits. We found that the major-effect QTL FT1.1 played an important role in regulating flowering time in cultivated cucumber, whereas the minor-effect QTL FT6.3 contributed to photoperiod sensitive flowering time during domestication. Two novel consensus FS QTL, FS1.4 and FS2.3, seem to be the targets of selection during breeding for the US processing cucumber. All other FS QTL were co-localized with previously detected QTL using populations derived from cultivated cucumbers, suggesting that they were under selection during both initial domestication and subsequent improvement. Results from this study also suggested that the wild cucumber is a useful resource for capturing positive transgressive segregation and novel alleles that could be explored in cucumber breeding.